Developed by US scientists, the chromosome could be recreated specifically to treat genetic diseases and tumors
Researchers at the University of Pennsylvania have achieved an epochal milestone: the creation of artificial human chromosomes that can be introduced into cells and stably transmitted to future cell generations. This incredible discovery lays the foundation for revolutionary gene therapies against diseases such as cancer.
But, let's go in order.
What is a chromosome and why is it so important?
Imagine DNA, the genetic material that contains all the instructions for life. This DNA is organized into structures called genes, which in turn form chromosomes. In our case, the human genome is divided into 23 pairs of these chromosomes, containing approximately 20,000 genes. That's where genetic engineering comes in: if we could create artificial chromosomes, we could potentially change how our bodies work, perhaps correcting genes linked to disease or even creating new life forms. The team of researchers attempted to do exactly that, and published the results of their work in Science. Using yeast cells, which offer a versatile experimental environment, they created the artificial chromosome by manipulating the proteins involved in DNA. What makes this discovery so significant is the stability of the artificial chromosome and its ability to replicate in cells without causing damage or alterations to the rest of the human genome.
What does all this mean for the future of medicine?
The first artificial human chromosomes were created in 1997 by a group of scientists from Ohio. Compared to natural ones, they were extremely small and did not have well-defined genes. Once introduced inside human cells, however, these first synthetic chromosomes multiplied dramatically uncontrolled, giving rise to altered and probably carcinogenic genomes. In the new study from Pennsylvania University, researchers report that they have solved the problem. In addition to being much more robust than those developed in the past, the new artificial chromosome can reproduce itself stably and contain more information.
Now, the possibilities are endless
With the production of these artificial chromosomes, highly targeted gene therapies could be developed, such as the creation of human cancer-resistant cells, thanks to the introduction of specific genes known to suppress tumors. This level of precision in genetic manipulation could revolutionize the way we address genetic diseases and more. However, there is still much work to be done before these promises can become everyday reality. Research continues and the enthusiasm of the scientific community is palpable.
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